Binding for books.



No. 660,304. Pai-ented 00f. 23, I900.

- J. McanAw.

BINDING FOR BOOKS.

(Application filed. July 10, 1900.)

(No Model.)

mz NORRIS vzrzns' col'PHoTo-uma, WASHINGTON. n. c

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

JAMES MOGRAW, OF WEST ALMOND, NEWYORK.

BINDING FOR BOOKS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 660,304, dated October 23, 1900.

Application filed July 10, 1900. Serial No. 23,135. (No model.) I

T0 at whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES MOGRAW, a citizen of the United States, residing at West Almond, in The county of Allegany, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bindings for Books; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to bindings for books, and has specific reference to the method of folding the binding and to the rivet by means of which the binding is secured to the mutually-attached leaves.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple and efficient construction which may be readily applied and which when in position will hold the leaves of the book firmly in place.

In the drawings forming a portion of .this specification, and in which like numerals of reference indicate similar parts inthe several views, Figure l is a perspective view showing a book having a cover formed and applied in accordance with the present invention, Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken through the book and one of the securing-rivets. Fig. 3 is a detail perspective view of one of the rivetheads. Fig.4isasectional-viewtaken through the head of the rivet, a portion of the spring being shown in elevation. Fig. 5 is an end view of the spring which forms the rivet.

Referring now to the drawings, the binding or cover of a book formed in accordance with the present invention consists of a sheet 5 of suitable material, which is folded upon itself to form the front 6 and back 7 of the book, having a connecting-web 8, which forms the back edge of the cover. The front and back of the cover are then folded rearwardly to form layers 9, and finally folded forwardly, so that at the rear edges of the front and back there are three thicknesses of material, as shown. In the rearward folds 9 and the original layers lyingtherebelow there are'formed alining perforations to receive rivets, so that when the leaves are in place they are held directly between the folds 9, and the heads of the rivets are covered by the front and back folds proper. Each of the rivets consists of ahelical spring 11,the ends 12 and 13 of which are bent transversely to lie diametrically of the spring, and the rivet-heads are threaded.

cal springs is passed through each series of alining perforations. After the several rivets are in place the rivet-heads are engaged likewise perforated to aliue with the perfora-' tions of the leaves, after which one of the heliwith the ends thereof, the recessed faces of the heads being disposed outwardly, and a drop of solder 15 is dropped intoeach recess, whichby engaging the end of the helical spring holds the latter firmly in place and prevents the displacement of the head.

tice various modifications of the specific constructionshown may be made and that any suitable materials and proportions may be used for the various parts without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is-- 1. A binding for books having retainingrivets each consisting of a helical spring and rivet-heads each consisting of a'plate having a struck-up portion provided with perforations with which the ends of the helical spring are engaged.

2. A rivet for binding books comprising a helical spring having heads, at its ends, each head consisting of a metallic plate having a central struck-up portion provided with alining perforations, the ends of the spring being engaged with the perforations of the heads andv lying transversely of the depressions re- It will of course be understood that in pracsultant from the struck-up portions, said ends of the spring being held in the perforations by solder deposited in the depressions and clinging to the heads and the ends of the p i s- In testimony whereof I hereunto sign my nesses, on this 9th day of June, 1900.

' JAMES MCGRAW.

Witnesses:

P. H. MCGRAW, H. E. DUDLEY.

name, in the presence of two subscribing wit- 

